Selling a business is a complex process that involves many considerations. Here are some key factors to keep in mind when selling your business:
Note, all of the startup financial models / templates you see here will have an option to determine an exit value of the business within the 5 or 10 year forecast. For the purpose of modeling, this will be based on a multiple of trailing 12 month EBITDA or revenue. I also have a few different valuation templates that can be used for DCF valuation (valuing future cash flow) and valuing a business based on historical EBITDA and weighting the years different (3 or 5 years).
- Timing: The timing of the sale can have a significant impact on the sale price of the business. Ideally, you should sell when the business is performing well and has a positive growth trajectory. What the business is doing more recently will have more weight for negotiations. Here is more insight on timing:
- Economic conditions: When the economy is performing well, businesses tend to have stronger financials, which can increase the sale price. If the economy is in a recession or slowdown, selling a business may be more challenging, as there may be fewer potential buyers and lower valuations.
- Interest rates: When interest rates are low, buyers may be more likely to seek financing to purchase a business, which can increase the pool of potential buyers. Higher interest rates may make it more challenging for buyers to secure financing, which can decrease demand and lower valuations.
- Industry trends: The performance of the specific industry your business operates in can also impact the timing of selling. If your industry is growing rapidly, this can create a sense of urgency for buyers to invest, and your business may be more attractive. Conversely, if your industry is contracting, selling may be more difficult.
- Personal circumstances: Finally, your own personal circumstances may also impact the timing of selling. For example, if you are nearing retirement age or want to pursue other opportunities, you may want to sell sooner rather than later.
- Valuation: Before selling your business, it's important to determine its value. You can do this by working with a professional appraiser who will analyze your financial statements and other business metrics to determine a fair value. Here are some more points regarding the types of things that go into a business valuation:
- Multiple of revenue: This method involves using a multiple of the business's revenue to determine its value. The multiple can vary depending on the industry, but typically ranges from 1 to 3 times the annual revenue.
- Multiple of earnings: This method involves using a multiple of the business's earnings, such as EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization) or net income, to determine its value. The multiple can vary depending on the industry, but typically ranges from 2 to 6 times the annual earnings. You will need to understand terms like seller discretionary income when looking at this.
- Discounted cash flow: This method involves estimating the future cash flows the business is expected to generate and discounting them back to their present value. This method is often used for businesses with a long-term history and steady cash flow.
- It's important to note that these are general rules of thumb, and the actual value of a business may be higher or lower depending on a variety of factors, such as the strength of the management team, the size and growth potential of the market, and the competitive landscape. It's also important to seek the advice of professionals, such as business brokers, appraisers, and attorneys, to help you determine a fair value for your business.
- Confidentiality: Confidentiality is important when selling your business to protect its value and prevent negative impacts on employees, suppliers, and customers. You should consider how to keep the sale confidential until it is complete.
- Preparing the business: A well-prepared business is more attractive to potential buyers. This can include ensuring financial records are accurate, having up-to-date technology, improving marketing, and enhancing customer relationships. If you are selling to a larger corporation, they will be doing extensive due diligence so the more organized you are, the better.
- Finding a buyer: Finding a buyer can be a time-consuming process. You can use brokers, industry associations, personal networks, and social media to find potential buyers.
- Negotiating the sale: Once you have identified potential buyers, you will need to negotiate the terms of the sale. This can include price, payment terms, and other details related to the transfer of ownership. You may even consider seller financing. Here are some more ideas on negotiations:
- Price and terms: The price of the business is often the most important factor in the negotiation. Be prepared to provide detailed financial information and to support your asking price with solid data. Additionally, the terms of the sale, such as the payment structure and timing, can also be negotiated and should be considered carefully.
- Due diligence: The buyer will want to conduct due diligence on your business to assess its value and potential risks. You should be prepared to provide detailed financial statements, tax returns, legal documents, and other relevant information to the buyer.
- Non-compete agreements: It's common for buyers to require non-compete agreements as part of the sale to prevent the seller from starting a competing business or soliciting customers and employees.
- Retention of key employees: If your business relies on key employees, the buyer may want to negotiate terms to ensure that they stay on after the sale. This can include employment agreements, incentive plans, or other retention strategies.
- Contingencies: The sale agreement may include contingencies, such as the buyer obtaining financing or the completion of due diligence, that must be met before the sale is finalized.
- Legal and tax implications: It's important to work with a team of legal and tax professionals to ensure that the sale agreement is structured in a way that minimizes your tax liability and protects your interests.
- Post-sale involvement: If you are selling a business that you have been actively involved in, you may want to negotiate a consulting or advisory role to provide support during the transition period.
- Overall, it's important to be prepared, patient, and flexible when negotiating the sale of your business. Work with professionals who have experience in business sales to guide you through the process and ensure a successful outcome.
- Tax implications: Selling a business can have significant tax implications. It's important to work with a tax professional to understand the tax consequences of the sale and to develop a plan to minimize the tax impact. Here are some more details to help minimize your tax liability:
- Plan ahead: If possible, plan your sale several years in advance so that you have time to implement tax-saving strategies, such as maximizing your deductions and deferring income.
- Consider a Section 1202 exclusion: If you are selling a small business or a qualified small business stock, you may be eligible for a Section 1202 exclusion, which allows you to exclude up to 100% of the gain from the sale from federal taxes.
- Use a like-kind exchange: If you are selling business property, such as real estate, you may be able to use a like-kind exchange, also known as a 1031 exchange, to defer taxes on the gain from the sale by reinvesting the proceeds in similar property.
- Maximize deductions: Before selling your business, take steps to maximize your deductions, such as accelerating expenses and deferring income, to reduce your taxable income in the year of the sale.
- Consider an installment sale: If you are selling a business that has a high value, you may be able to use an installment sale (seller financing) to spread out the payments over several years, which can reduce your tax liability by allowing you to pay taxes on the sale over time instead of all at once.
- Consult with a tax professional: Finally, it's important to consult with a tax professional, such as a CPA or tax attorney, who can help you develop a tax strategy that is tailored to your specific situation and minimize the tax impact of selling your business.
- Legal considerations: Selling a business involves legal considerations, such as drafting a sales agreement and addressing any outstanding legal issues, such as contracts and leases. Get a lawyer that is used to doing this kind of thing (i.e. an SMB Attorney).
- Transition planning: After the sale, it's important to have a transition plan in place to ensure a smooth handover of the business to the new owner. This can include training, introductions to key suppliers and customers, and ongoing support.
Selling a business is a complex process, and seeking the advice of professionals, such as business brokers, appraisers, tax professionals, and attorneys, can help you navigate the process successfully.
